<?php
namespace App\Helpers;

use DOMDocument;
use DOMElement;
use JsonException;
use RuntimeException;
use WeakMap;
use Stringable;
use ValueError;

class SerializeHelper
{
    private const JSON_OPTIONS =
        JSON_PRETTY_PRINT | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES;
    private const XML_VERSION = "1.0";
    private const XML_ENCODING = "UTF-8";

    /**
     * Caché usando WeakMap para mejor gestión de memoria
     */
    private static WeakMap $cache;

    public function __construct()
    {
        self::$cache = new WeakMap();
    }

    /**
     * Convierte datos a JSON
     *
     * @template T
     * @param T $data
     * @return string
     * @throws JsonException
     */
    public static function toJson(mixed $data): string
    {
        try {
            return json_encode(
                self::normalize($data),
                self::JSON_OPTIONS | JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR
            );
        } catch (JsonException $e) {
            throw new JsonException(
                "Error en la serialización JSON: {$e->getMessage()}"
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * Convierte datos a XML
     */
    public static function toXml(
        mixed $data,
        string $rootElement = "root"
    ): string {
        $dom = new DOMDocument(self::XML_VERSION, self::XML_ENCODING);
        $dom->formatOutput = true;

        $root = $dom->createElement($rootElement);
        $dom->appendChild($root);

        self::arrayToDomElement($data, $root, $dom);

        return $dom->saveXML() ?:
            throw new RuntimeException("Error generando XML");
    }

    /**
     * Método auxiliar para convertir array a elementos DOM
     */
    private static function arrayToDomElement(
        mixed $data,
        DOMElement $parent,
        DOMDocument $dom
    ): void {
        $data = match (true) {
            $data instanceof Stringable => (string) $data,
            is_object($data) => (array) $data,
            default => $data,
        };

        foreach ((array) $data as $key => $value) {
            $key = preg_replace("/[^a-z0-9_]/i", "_", (string) $key) ?: "item";

            $child = match (true) {
                is_array($value),
                is_object($value)
                    => self::createComplexElement($dom, $key, $value),
                default => self::createSimpleElement($dom, $key, $value),
            };

            $parent->appendChild($child);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Crea un elemento XML complejo
     */
    private static function createComplexElement(
        DOMDocument $dom,
        string $key,
        mixed $value
    ): DOMElement {
        $element = $dom->createElement($key);
        self::arrayToDomElement($value, $element, $dom);
        return $element;
    }

    /**
     * Crea un elemento XML simple
     */
    private static function createSimpleElement(
        DOMDocument $dom,
        string $key,
        mixed $value
    ): DOMElement {
        $element = $dom->createElement($key);
        $element->appendChild($dom->createTextNode((string) $value));
        return $element;
    }

    /**
     * Serializa datos de manera optimizada
     */
    public static function serialize(mixed $data): string
    {
        return match (true) {
            extension_loaded("igbinary") => igbinary_serialize($data),
            default => serialize($data),
        };
    }

    /**
     * Deserializa datos
     */
    public static function unserialize(string $data): mixed
    {
        return match (true) {
            extension_loaded("igbinary") &&
                !str_starts_with($data, "a:") &&
                !str_starts_with($data, "O:")
                => igbinary_unserialize($data),
            default => unserialize($data, ["allowed_classes" => true]),
        };
    }

    /**
     * Compara objetos o arrays
     */
    public static function compare(mixed $obj1, mixed $obj2): array
    {
        return self::calculateDifferences(
            self::normalize($obj1),
            self::normalize($obj2)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Calcula diferencias entre arrays
     */
    private static function calculateDifferences(
        array $array1,
        array $array2,
        string $path = ""
    ): array {
        $differences = [];

        foreach ($array1 as $key => $value) {
            $currentPath = $path ? "{$path}.{$key}" : $key;

            if (!array_key_exists($key, $array2)) {
                $differences[$currentPath] = [
                    "type" => "removed",
                    "value" => $value,
                ];
                continue;
            }

            $differences = match (true) {
                is_array($value) && is_array($array2[$key]) => [
                    ...$differences,
                    ...self::calculateDifferences(
                        $value,
                        $array2[$key],
                        $currentPath
                    ),
                ],
                $value !== $array2[$key] => [
                    ...$differences,
                    $currentPath => [
                        "type" => "modified",
                        "old" => $value,
                        "new" => $array2[$key],
                    ],
                ],
                default => $differences,
            };
        }

        // Verificar elementos adicionales
        foreach ($array2 as $key => $value) {
            if (!array_key_exists($key, $array1)) {
                $currentPath = $path ? "{$path}.{$key}" : $key;
                $differences[$currentPath] = [
                    "type" => "added",
                    "value" => $value,
                ];
            }
        }

        return $differences;
    }

    /**
     * Normaliza datos para comparación
     */
    public static function normalize(mixed $data): array
    {
        return match (true) {
            is_object($data) => self::normalizeObject($data),
            is_array($data) => self::normalizeArray($data),
            default => [$data],
        };
    }

    /**
     * Normaliza un objeto
     */
    private static function normalizeObject(object $object): array
    {
        return match (true) {
            method_exists($object, "toArray") => $object->toArray(),
            default => self::normalizeArray(get_object_vars($object)),
        };
    }

    /**
     * Normaliza un array
     */
    private static function normalizeArray(array $array): array
    {
        return array_map(
            fn($value) => match (true) {
                is_object($value), is_array($value) => self::normalize($value),
                default => $value,
            },
            $array
        );
    }

    /**
     * Convierte a array
     */
    public static function toArray(mixed $data): array
    {
        return match (true) {
            is_object($data) && method_exists($data, "toArray")
                => $data->toArray(),
            is_object($data) => self::normalize($data),
            is_array($data) => array_map([self::class, "toArray"], $data),
            default => [$data],
        };
    }

    /**
     * Clonación profunda
     *
     * @template T of object
     * @param T $object
     * @return T
     */
    public static function deepClone(object $object): object
    {
        if (self::$cache->offsetExists($object)) {
            return self::$cache->offsetGet($object);
        }

        $clone = match (true) {
            extension_loaded("igbinary") => igbinary_unserialize(
                igbinary_serialize($object)
            ),
            method_exists($object, "__clone") => self::cloneWithProperties(
                $object
            ),
            default => unserialize(serialize($object)),
        };

        self::$cache->offsetSet($object, $clone);
        return $clone;
    }

    /**
     * Clona un objeto y sus propiedades
     */
    private static function cloneWithProperties(object $object): object
    {
        $clone = clone $object;
        foreach (get_object_vars($clone) as $property => $value) {
            if (is_object($value)) {
                $clone->$property = self::deepClone($value);
            }
        }
        return $clone;
    }

    /**
     * Limpia la caché
     */
    public static function clearCache(): void
    {
        self::$cache = new WeakMap();
    }
}